Capital Gains: How It Works, Formula and a Worked Example

Calculate tax on gains from property, gold, and other assets. Here is the formula, a worked example, the mistakes to avoid, and a free calculator with a downloadable PDF report.

Abhishek sharma
Editorial Lead
Updated September 17, 2026
4 Min Read

Most people meet the capital gains the same way — someone quotes a number, it sounds reasonable, and there is no easy way to check it. That is exactly the gap this guide closes. By the end of it you will know what the number is made of, where it usually goes wrong, and you will have run your own figures through our free capital gains.

Cover image slot — add a screenshot or illustration from Admin → Blog when it is ready.

Prefer to start with your own figures? Use the Capital Gains now, or continue for the formula and a worked example.

How the calculation actually works

Deducts indexed cost from sale price and applies asset-specific tax rates.

The formula behind it:

Gain = Sale Price - Cost Basis
Symbol What it means
CII Cost Inflation Index
LTCG Long Term Capital Gain

Nothing is rounded away quietly and nothing is assumed on your behalf. If a figure appears in the result, it came from something you entered.

Let us run one real set of numbers

Tax on property sold for ₹1 Cr purchased for ₹40L 10 years ago.

Change any one input and watch the result move — that sensitivity is the real lesson. It is far more useful than memorising a single outcome, because your own rate, tenure or contribution will never match the example exactly.

Using the Capital Gains, step by step

  1. Open the Capital Gains.
  2. Enter your figures. Use the ones on your statement, sanction letter or scheme document rather than a remembered number.
  3. Read the result card — the headline figure plus the breakdown that produced it.
  4. Adjust one input at a time to see what genuinely moves the outcome.
  5. Tap Download PDF to keep a copy of the calculation, with your inputs and assumptions printed on it.

The PDF takes a few seconds to build because it is a properly typeset report, not a screenshot. You will see a progress message while it is being prepared, and the download starts on its own.

Small habits that make a real difference

  • Use Section 54/54F to save tax by reinvesting.
  • Indexation helps reduce the tax impact on long-term assets.

The errors that cost the most

  • Ignoring improvement costs incurred on the asset.

If you want to go a level deeper afterwards, read up on taxation of capital gains. Both come up the moment you start comparing options seriously.

Interactive calculator

Try the Capital Gains

Enter your own figures below. The same calculator and PDF report remain available on the focused calculator page.

%
Yrs

Scenario Analysis (Assumed Returns)

Conservative

10%

33,637

Base

12%

48,231

Higher

14%

68,717

Labels are estimates based on your base rate (12%).

Estimated Tax

₹0

Sale Price

₹5,000

Estimated Gain

-₹9,95,000

Portfolio Mix

Invested
Returns

Growth Curve

Visual graph available for compounding tools

You invest ₹5,000 every month for 20 years. At an estimated 12% annual return, your total investment is ₹10,00,000 and the estimated total value is approximately ₹0. Around -₹9,95,000 represents estimated growth.

Next Architectural Steps

Open the full calculator

What else you will find on VIA Capital

The calculator is one corner of a much bigger free toolkit. While you are here:

New tools and sections go live regularly, and each one gets written up here the same way.

Questions people ask us

Is the Capital Gains free to use? Yes. Every calculator on VIA Capital is free, works without a login, and nothing you type is stored on our servers.

How accurate is it? The arithmetic is exact — it is the formula shown above, nothing hidden. Accuracy of the answer depends on your inputs. Rates, tenures and charges change, so use the figures from your own statement or sanction letter rather than a number you remember.

Can I save or share the result? You can download a formatted PDF report of your calculation and share it with your family, your CA or your bank. The download link sits right under the result.

Does it work on a phone? It does. The capital gains is built mobile-first, which is how most people in India actually search for "capital gains".

Is this investment advice? No. VIA Capital is an education platform. We show you the maths and the assumptions; the decision, and the responsibility for it, stays with you. For anything personalised, speak to a SEBI-registered professional.

The short version

Calculate tax on gains from property, gold, and other assets. The formula is public, the assumptions are printed on the page, and the calculation is yours to keep as a PDF.

👉 Run your own numbers in the Capital Gains

VIA Capital publishes financial education only. Nothing here is investment advice or a personalised recommendation, and no calculator output should be treated as a promise of returns.

Educational content only. Educational content only. Not investment advice or a personalised recommendation.

Written by

Abhishek sharma

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