Earth Science & Energy
Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Epicenter Distance Travel Time
Calculate earthquake p-wave and s-wave epicenter distance travel time using the stated engineering or scientific relationship and adjustable field inputs.
Preparing your result…
What this calculator does
Calculates Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Epicenter Distance Travel Time using the formula verified against the cited source.
What your result means
An estimate from the inputs you enter, within the scope stated below — not advice.
Formula
Path distance d = (S − P arrival gap) ÷ (1/Vs − 1/Vp), uniform medium, Vp > Vs; epicentral distance ≈ √(d² − depth²)
The step-by-step working for your own numbers appears with the result above and in the PDF report.
Frequently asked questions
Symbols and assumptions
- Inputs
- The values entered in the fields above
- • For straight rays in one uniform medium: source-to-station path distance d=(S−P arrival delay)/(1/Vs−1/Vp), using consistent distance/time units and Vp>Vs>0.
Sources and review
Reviewed 2026-10-18 · Next review 2027-04-18
- • Derived constant-velocity travel-time relation. It estimates hypocentral path distance, not automatically horizontal epicentral distance; depth is missing for that conversion. Real location uses layered travel-time models and multiple stations. Do not infer a unique epicenter from one delay.
Important limitation
This is an educational estimate based only on the values and formula shown. Verify current rates, rules, units, and professional standards before relying on the result. It is not personalized financial or investment advice.
Quick reference
| Scenario | S minus P arrival gap (s) | P-wave speed (km/s) | S-wave speed (km/s) | Source-to-station distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Worked example | 10 | 6 | 3.5 | 84 km |
| Half the amounts | 5 | 3 | 1.8 | 22.5 km |
| Double the amounts | 20 | 12 | 7 | 336 km |
Need the full picture? Get the detailed PDF report with charts, tables, formulas and working steps.
Reviewed 2026-10-18 · Next review 2027-04-18
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