Science & Environment
Chemistry, energy, emissions, water and thermal systems.
99 tools · 5 sub-topics
chemistry
Molar Mass & Molecular Weight Calculator
Find the molar mass, moles per gram, and estimated atom/molecule count for common compounds.
Solution Molarity Calculator
Calculate the molarity (mol/L) of a solution from solute mass, molar mass and solution volume.
Solution Molality Calculator
Calculate the molality (mol/kg) of a solution from solute mass, molar mass and solvent mass.
Solution Normality Calculator
Calculate normality (N) and equivalent weight of a solution from mass, molar mass and equivalents.
Serial Dilution Calculator
Compute the final concentration after multiple serial dilution steps using M1V1 = M2V2.
Stoichiometry Limiting Reagent Calculator
Determine the limiting reagent and theoretical product yield from a simple A + B → C reaction.
Percent Yield & Atom Economy Calculator
Calculate the percent yield of a reaction and the atom economy from reactant and product masses.
Empirical & Molecular Formula Calculator
Determine the empirical and molecular formula ratio of a two-element compound from percent mass.
pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-] Calculator
Convert between pH, pOH, hydrogen ion concentration and hydroxide ion concentration.
Weak Acid Dissociation (Ka) Calculator
Estimate the pH of a weak acid solution from its concentration and acid dissociation constant Ka.
Weak Base Dissociation (Kb) Calculator
Estimate the pH of a weak base solution from its concentration and base dissociation constant Kb.
Henderson-Hasselbalch Buffer Calculator
Calculate buffer pH and relative buffering capacity using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
Solubility Product (Ksp) & Molar Solubility Calculator
Calculate the molar solubility of a salt from its solubility product constant, or estimate Ksp from solubility, for AB, AB2, and A2B type salts.
Reaction Quotient Q vs Equilibrium Constant K Calculator
Compare the reaction quotient Q to the equilibrium constant K to determine the direction a reaction will proceed.
Gibbs Free Energy Spontaneity Calculator
Calculate Gibbs free energy change (dG = dH - TdS) to determine whether a reaction is spontaneous.
Hess's Law Enthalpy of Reaction Calculator
Calculate the enthalpy of reaction using Hess's law from the standard enthalpies of formation of products and reactants.
Arrhenius Equation Activation Energy Calculator
Calculate the rate constant or activation energy of a reaction using the Arrhenius equation.
Reaction Half-Life Calculator
Calculate the half-life of a chemical reaction for zero-order, first-order, or second-order kinetics.
Nernst Equation Cell Potential Calculator
Calculate the non-standard cell potential of an electrochemical cell using the Nernst equation.
Standard Cell Potential Calculator
Calculate the standard cell potential of a galvanic cell from the standard reduction potentials of the cathode and anode.
Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis Calculator
Calculate the mass of metal deposited or dissolved during electrolysis using Faraday's laws.
energy
Combustion Air-to-Fuel Ratio Calculator
Estimate the stoichiometric air-to-fuel mass ratio for common fuels burned in air.
HHV vs LHV Fuel Heating Value Calculator
Convert between higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV) based on hydrogen content.
Carbon Footprint of Flights, Car & Commute Calculator
Estimate CO2 emissions from flights, car travel and daily commuting distance.
Household Carbon Footprint Calculator
Estimate annual CO2 emissions from household electricity and natural gas usage.
Tree Carbon Sequestration Calculator
Estimate the annual CO2 sequestered by a given number of growing trees.
Solar PV Annual Energy Generation Calculator
Estimate the annual electricity generated by a solar photovoltaic system.
Solar Panel Tilt Angle & Azimuth Optimizer
Estimate optimal panel tilt angle from latitude and the insolation penalty from misalignment.
Wind Turbine Power Output Calculator
Calculate wind turbine electrical power output using swept area, wind speed and power coefficient.
Hydroelectric Generator Output Calculator
Estimate the electrical power output of a hydroelectric turbine-generator from head and flow rate.
Battery Energy Density Calculator
Calculate gravimetric (Wh/kg) and volumetric (Wh/L) energy density of a battery pack.
Battery State of Charge from Open-Circuit Voltage
Estimate battery state of charge (SOC) from a measured open-circuit voltage using a linear model.
Heat Pump SEER2 Cooling Savings Calculator
Estimate annual cooling energy and cost savings from upgrading to a higher SEER2 heat pump.
Heat Pump HSPF2 Heating Performance Calculator
Estimate seasonal heating energy consumption and cost from a heat pump's HSPF2 rating.
Building Envelope Heat Loss Calculator
Calculate conductive heat loss through a building envelope element using U-value, area and temperature difference.
Window SHGC Cooling Load Calculator
Estimate the solar heat gain through windows contributing to cooling load using SHGC and incident solar radiation.
Geothermal Heat Exchanger Loop Length & Depth Calculator
Estimate the required ground loop length and borehole depth for a geothermal heat pump system.
Biomass Gasification Syngas Energy Output Calculator
Estimate the syngas volume and energy output from gasifying a quantity of biomass.
Biogas Anaerobic Digestion Methane Yield Calculator
Estimate methane yield and energy potential from anaerobic digestion of organic waste per ton.
Landfill Gas Methane Emission & Energy Recovery Calculator
Estimate methane generation from landfill waste and the potential energy recoverable if captured.
Fuel Cell Efficiency Calculator (Gibbs vs Enthalpy)
Estimate fuel cell thermodynamic efficiency and voltage efficiency from Gibbs free energy and enthalpy of reaction.
Electrolyzer Hydrogen Production Energy & Water Demand Calculator
Estimate hydrogen output, energy consumption and water demand for a water electrolyzer.
Compressed Hydrogen Storage Pressure & Volume Calculator
Estimate the mass of hydrogen storable in a tank at a given pressure and volume using the ideal gas approximation.
LNG Boil-Off Gas Rate Calculator
Estimate the daily boil-off gas rate and volume lost from an LNG storage tank due to heat ingress.
environment
Rainwater Harvesting Tank Volume Calculator
Estimate harvestable rainwater volume from roof catchment area, rainfall and runoff efficiency.
Greywater Recycling Daily Volume Calculator
Estimate daily greywater production and how many toilet flushes it can offset.
Composting Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio Optimizer
Calculate the blended C:N ratio of compost feedstocks and compare to the ideal range.
Water Salinity TDS to Electrical Conductivity Calculator
Convert total dissolved solids (TDS) to electrical conductivity (EC) using a conversion factor.
Wastewater BOD5 Removal Calculator
Calculate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removal efficiency between influent and effluent.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Industrial Effluent Calculator
Estimate COD load and removal efficiency for industrial wastewater effluent.
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity Calculator
Calculate soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) from exchangeable base cations.
Soil Organic Matter to Organic Carbon Calculator
Convert soil organic matter percentage to organic carbon fraction using the Van Bemmelen factor.
PAR/PPFD Daily Light Integral Calculator
Convert photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photoperiod into daily light integral (DLI).
Evapotranspiration (Simplified Penman-Monteith) Calculator
Estimate reference evapotranspiration using a simplified Penman-Monteith form with temperature, radiation and wind.
Aquaponics Fish Biomass to Plant Bed Ratio Calculator
Calculate the recommended plant grow bed area for a given fish biomass in an aquaponics system.
Greenhouse Heat Loss with Double Polyethylene Glazing Calculator
Estimate heat loss through double polyethylene glazing based on surface area and temperature difference.
LED Grow Light Micromoles per Joule Efficiency Calculator
Calculate the photosynthetic photon efficacy of an LED grow light in micromoles per joule.
Air Quality Index from PM2.5 & PM10 Calculator
Estimate a simplified air quality index using PM2.5 and PM10 particulate concentrations.
Noise Pollution Inverse-Square Attenuation Calculator
Calculate sound pressure level attenuation with distance using the inverse-square law.
Industrial Flue Gas Velocity & Volumetric Flow Rate Calculator
Calculate flue gas velocity and volumetric flow rate through a stack given duct diameter and flow.
Cyclone Dust Collector Separation Efficiency Calculator
Estimate the fractional and overall separation efficiency of a cyclone dust collector.
Reverse Osmosis Permeate Recovery Rate Calculator
Calculate the permeate recovery rate and concentrate flow of a reverse osmosis system.
Water Hardness GPG / mg/L CaCO3 & Softener Salt Calculator
Convert water hardness between grains per gallon and mg/L CaCO3, and estimate softener salt use.
Chlorine Contact Time CT Value Disinfection Calculator
Calculate the CT value used to evaluate chlorine disinfection performance in water treatment.
Swimming Pool Langelier Saturation Index Calculator
Calculate the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) for swimming pool water balance.
gases
Ideal Gas Law Calculator
Solve for pressure, volume, moles or temperature using the ideal gas law PV = nRT.
Van der Waals Real Gas Pressure Calculator
Calculate real gas pressure using the Van der Waals equation, correcting for molecular volume and attraction.
Dalton's Law Partial Pressure Calculator
Find partial pressure and mole fraction of a gas component in a mixture using Dalton's law.
Graham's Law Effusion Rate Calculator
Compare effusion or diffusion rates of two gases based on their molar masses using Graham's law.
Raoult's Law Vapour Pressure Calculator
Calculate the vapour pressure lowering of a solution using Raoult's law for an ideal mixture.
Boiling Point Elevation Calculator
Determine how much a solvent's boiling point rises when a solute is dissolved in it.
Freezing Point Depression Calculator
Estimate the antifreeze effect and how far a solvent's freezing point drops with dissolved solute.
Osmotic Pressure Calculator
Calculate the osmotic pressure of a solution using the Van 't Hoff equation for osmosis.
Beer-Lambert Law Absorbance Calculator
Calculate absorbance or concentration of a solution using the Beer-Lambert law for spectroscopy.
Radioactive Decay Half-Life Calculator
Calculate the remaining quantity of a radioactive substance after a given time using its half-life.
Carbon-14 Radiometric Dating Calculator
Estimate the age of an organic sample from its remaining carbon-14 activity using radiocarbon dating.
thermal
Cooling Tower Evaporation & Blowdown Calculator
Estimate evaporation, drift and blowdown water losses in a cooling tower from circulation rate and cycles of concentration.
Boiler Blowdown Rate from TDS Calculator
Calculate required boiler blowdown rate to keep feedwater TDS or silica within limits.
Steam Pipe Heat Loss & Insulation Calculator
Estimate heat loss from a bare or insulated steam pipe and the insulation thickness needed to hit a target loss.
Steam Trap Orifice Discharge Calculator
Estimate condensate discharge capacity through a steam trap orifice from pressure differential and orifice size.
Heat Exchanger LMTD Calculator
Compute the log mean temperature difference for counter-flow or parallel-flow heat exchangers.
Wet-Bulb & Dew Point Calculator
Estimate wet-bulb and dew point temperatures from dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity.
Moist Air Enthalpy Calculator
Calculate the enthalpy of moist air per kilogram of dry air from temperature and humidity ratio.
Sensible Heat Ratio (SHR) Calculator
Determine the sensible heat ratio of an HVAC cooling cycle from sensible and latent load values.
Evaporative Cooler Effectiveness Calculator
Estimate evaporative (swamp) cooler leaving air temperature and effectiveness from wet-bulb depression.
Dehumidifier Water Extraction Calculator
Estimate daily water extraction and latent cooling load removed by a dehumidifier.
Chilled Water GPM from Tonnage Calculator
Calculate required chilled water flow rate in GPM from cooling tonnage and design temperature difference.
Condenser Water Flow Rate Calculator
Estimate condenser water flow requirement using the standard 3 GPM per ton rule of thumb.
Thermal Energy Storage Tank Sizing Calculator
Size an ice or chilled water thermal storage tank from cooling load and storage duration.
Compressed Air Leakage Loss Calculator
Estimate CFM lost to compressed air leaks and the resulting annual energy cost.
Pneumatic Cylinder Air Consumption Calculator
Calculate free-air consumption per stroke and per minute for a pneumatic cylinder.
Refrigerant GWP CO2e Calculator
Convert a refrigerant charge mass and its global warming potential into CO2-equivalent emissions.
Refrigerant Ozone Depletion Potential Calculator
Estimate the ozone-depleting mass equivalent of a refrigerant charge from its ODP value.
Carbon Tax Cost Calculator
Calculate the total carbon tax cost owed from tons of CO2e emitted and the applicable tax rate.
Flare Destruction & Removal Efficiency Calculator
Calculate the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of an industrial flare from inlet and outlet mass flows.
Electrostatic Precipitator Efficiency Calculator
Estimate electrostatic precipitator collection efficiency using the Deutsch-Anderson equation.
Acid Rain Neutralisation Calculator
Estimate the mass of calcium carbonate slurry needed to neutralise a given volume of acidic rainwater.
Ozone Layer UV Attenuation Calculator
Estimate UV radiation attenuation and optical depth through a given ozone column thickness.
Ecological Footprint Per Capita Calculator
Estimate an individual's ecological footprint in global hectares from annual consumption categories.